It is named after the American endocrinologist Henry H Turner (1892-1970) 7 who first described the syndrome in 1938. Premature death is common due to associated cardiovascular disease History and etymology While the vast majority of fetuses are aborted in the second trimester, some may have a long life expectancy. Cases with mosaicism do much better. Overall prognosis very variable is dependent on associated anomalies. aortic dissection: underrecognised and common cause in young women 8.valgus deformity of the elbow: increased carrying angle ( cubitus valgus).decreased carpal angle: Madelung deformity.narrowing scapholunate angle: positive carpal sign The aim of the study was to present the possibilities of surgical treatment of a webbed neck of patients with Turners syndrome and the evaluation of treatment results.short 4 th metacarpal: positive metacarpal sign.Postpartum-to-adulthood features Musculoskeletal Females with Turner syndrome may develop a variety of distinctive physical features including a short neck with a webbed appearance, a low hairline at the. features related to complicating hydrops fetalis.cystic hygroma: may appear septated one of the most typical features of Turner syndrome.Radiographic features Antenatal ultrasound development of hydrops fetalis: usually from fluid overload secondary to lymphatic failure.serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP): decreased.Unlike the common trisomies, there is no association with maternal age. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach to address. Diagnosis is made with chromosomal testing showing a 45 XO genotype. mosaicism (XO and another sex karyotype): ~30% Turner's Syndrome is a common congenital disorder caused by a missing X chromosome that presents with scoliosis, short stature, webbed neck, amenorrhea, cardiovascular abnormalities, and osteoporosis.partial monosomy (structurally-altered X chromosome): ~15%.even though it is relatively common, almost all 45 XO fetuses will spontaneously abort, with 70% lost between 16 weeks and term. However, the classic genetic change is not present in all cases. Turner syndrome is classically characterized by the absence of one X chromosome copy (45 XO), with the missing chromosome most frequently (two-thirds) being the paternal one. In adults, it is one of the most important causes of primary amenorrhea and accounts for approximately one-third of such cases. gonadal dysgenesis / ovarian dysgenesis.hypothyroidism: due to the formation of thyroid antibodies (most commonly Hashimoto thyroiditis).The incidence is estimated at 1:2000-5000 of live births, although the in utero rate is much higher (1-2% of conceptions) due to a significant proportion of fetuses with 45X aborting by the 2 nd trimester.
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